SOA-Condylomata-acuminata-female
Genital warts (or Condyloma, Condylomata acuminata, or venereal warts, also anal wart or anogenital wart) is a highly contagious sexually transmitted infection caused by some sub-types of human papillomavirus (HPV). It is spread through direct skin-to-skin contact during oral, genital, or anal sex with an infected partner. Warts are the most easily recognized sign of genital HPV infection. They can be caused by strains 6, 11, 30, 42, 43, 44, 45, 51, 52 and 54 of genital HPV; types 6 and 11 are responsible for 90% of genital warts cases. Less than 1% of those infected develop clinically obvious warts, but those infected can still transmit the virus, although another source states that 70% of those who have sexual contact with an infected partner develop genital warts. HPV also causes many cases of cervical cancer and probably most of anal cancer cases; types 16 and 18 account for 70% of cases.
Symptoms
Genital warts often occur in clusters and can be very tiny or can spread into large masses in the genital or penis area. In other cases they look like small stalks. In women they occur on the outside and inside of the vagina, on the opening (cervix) to the womb (uterus), or around the anus. They are approximately as prevalent in men but the symptoms may be less obvious. When present, they usually are seen on the tip of the penis. They also may be found on the shaft of the penis, on the scrotum, or around the anus. Rarely, genital warts also can develop in the mouth or throat of a person who has had oral sex with an infected person.
The viral particles are able to penetrate the skin and mucosal surfaces through microscopic abrasions in the genital area, which occur during sexual activity. Once cells are invaded by HPV, a latency (quiet) period of months to years may occur. HPV can last for several years without a symptom.[4] Having sex with a partner whose HPV infection is latent and demonstrates no outward symptoms still leaves one vulnerable to becoming infected. The immune system eventually clears the virus through interleukins, which recruit interferons, which slow viral replication.
Epidemiology
HPV has become more common,, with an estimated prevalence in the US of 10-20% and clinical manifestations in 1% of the adult sexually active population. About 80% of those infected are between the ages of 17-33. Although treatments can remove the warts, they do not remove the HPV, so warts can recur after treatment (about 20-50% of the time[13]), and also spontaneously regress.[3] Traditional theories postulated that the virus remained in the body for a lifetime. However, new studies using sensitive DNA techniques have shown that through immunological response the virus can either be cleared or suppressed to levels below what polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests can measure. One study testing genital skin for subclinical HPV using PCR found a prevalence of 40%.
According to the Center for Disease Control’s report on HPV to Congress in 2004, studies have shown that 70% of new HPV infections clear within one year, and as many as 91% clear within two years. The median duration of new infections is typically eight months. The gradual development of an effective immune response is thought to be the likely mechanism for HPV DNA clearance. The state of the immune system determines the chances of removing the virus entirely and can be affected by factors such as HIV infection, certain medications, stress, or illness.
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